Gum Diseases (Periodontology)

Gum diseases are conditions that occur due to the infection of gums and surrounding tissues. Periodontology is the branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gum disease. If these diseases are not treated in a timely manner, they can lead to tooth loss, gum recession, and even jaw bone loss. This article provides information on the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of gum disease.
 

Causes of Gum Diseases

Gum disease begins with the accumulation of bacteria in the form of dental plaque and tartar on the teeth. Dental plaque is a sticky film composed of food particles and bacteria. If not cleaned, dental plaque hardens into tartar, which becomes a hard substance on the teeth, contributing to gum disease.

Other causes include smoking, stress, hormonal changes, improper tooth brushing and brush selection, poor diet, diabetes, immune system issues, dry mouth, and certain medications.
 

Symptoms of Gum Diseases

In the early stages of gum disease, symptoms are usually mild and may not cause pain. However, if left untreated, symptoms can progress to include:

• Red, swollen, and sensitive gums
• Gum recession
• Gaps between teeth
• Bad breath and unpleasant taste
• Loose teeth or tooth loss
   

Treatment of Gum Diseases

Treatment for gum disease depends on the stage and severity of the condition. In its early stages, gum disease can be managed through professional cleaning and regular brushing and flossing. In more advanced stages, treatments may include:

• Dental cleaning
• Gum surgery
• Bone grafting